Apart from AmigaOS 4.x, which is already covered by a separate section, other operating systems can also be used with the AmigaOne. For the time being, these are mostly different Linux distributions, of which the most commonly used are SuSE, Debian and Yellow Dog. Let's have a brief look at each.
Debian (http://www.debian.org) is probably the most common Linux distro used on AmigaOnes at this time. It is considered not to be quite the easiest distro to use (or set up), but it is very powerful once one learns it. A wealth of information regarding Debian especially can be found on the official A1 support forum at amigaworld.net. Ross Vumbaca's A1 site (https://web.archive.org/web/20110715110520/http://www.potduck.com/amigaone/) has an install guide and other useful stuff.
Yellow Dog Linux was also rather widely used amongst early A1 owners. It had perhaps a less steep learning curve and its PPC support was also very good. It has since been discontinued. Information on installing it can still be found via the (http://amigaone-linux.sourceforge.net/) links page. The YDL install CD images, install manual etc can also still be found right here.
In addition to the wealth of modern software Linux alone offers there is more. As the A1 uses a PPC processor, emulating Macintoshes is a real possibility (as it was with Classic Amigas and 68k Macs). At the moment, the best way to go about this is Mac-on-Linux (http://www.maconlinux.org/). This offers a possibility to use a lot of commercial software made for the Mac platform. A1-specific MOL-info can be found at https://web.archive.org/web/20110715110520/http://www.potduck.com/amigaone/.
Emulating a modern Windows environment is not as easy, if even possible at this time. Bochs can be found in the Debian packages though and is sufficient for some older programs. Document compatibility for certain files can be achieved with Linux and for example OpenOffice, or MOL with the Mac versions of various Microsoft products.